Blevins Franks Financial Tips - How Does Inflation Impact Your Retirement Savings?

With inflation surging in both the EU and the UK, now is the time to review your savings and investments to establish if they are suitably structured to provide protection from this threat. Even low levels of inflation can erode your spending power over time and retirees need to plan for this.  

“Inflation is when you pay fifteen dollars for the ten-dollar haircut you used to get for five dollars when you had hair”. 

This quote by American author and humorist Sam Ewing may make you smile, but it is a good example of the impact of inflation over the passage of time and underlines a serious threat to our long-term financial security.

Ronald Reagan used a more hard-hitting description: 
“Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber and as deadly as a hit man”.  

Many people do not realise how damaging inflation is to their wealth over the longer term; it is easy to become complacent after years of low levels. But it is surging in many countries, causing concern among savers and retirees. In fact, you should always take inflation seriously as even low levels impact your wealth and retirement income over time – you may not notice the effects each year until it is too late.  

The impact of inflation 

You cannot just consider inflation rates on their own, you need to compare them to your earnings. If your savings generate a lower return than inflation, the real value of your money is falling and your income will buy less than it used to. 

Put very simply, and ignoring the impact of compounding, if your bank account pays 1% interest but inflation is 2%, after 10 years you will have 10% more money, but the goods and services you purchase will cost 20% more. In real terms you’ll effectively be 10% poorer.  The more time passes, the more damaging it is. 

Official Consumer Price Index (CPI) figures are based on a basket of goods containing a representative selection of items for people across all ages and incomes. It rarely reflects our own personal inflation rate.  As an illustration, a personal annual rate of 4% would reduce the spending power of 100,000 (Euros or Pounds) to around 67,000 after 10 years.  After 20 years it will have lost around 55% of its value and after 30 years your 100,000 would have the purchasing power of around 30,000 today.  

Inflation in Eurozone and France 

Across the Eurozone, the annual inflation rate reached a record 5.0% in December 2021, up from 4.9% in November. A year earlier, the rate was -0.3%. For the EU as a whole it was 5.3%.  The highest contribution to the annual euro area inflation rate came from energy, followed by services, non-energy industrial goods and food, alcohol & tobacco.

France tends to have lower inflation than the EU average and was 3.4% in December 2021.  A year previously it was 0%, but it first hit over 2% in August and has been slowly climbing since, with its Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices reaching 3.4% in November 2021 and maintaining the same rate in December. 

The biggest culprits were energy and petroleum products, but food prices have also seen a sharp increase year on year. 

UK inflation

In the UK CPI reached 5.4% in December 2021, the highest rate for almost 30 years. A year previously it was 0.3%.

In comparison, the Bank of England’s main interest rate was just 0.25% in December, an increase from November’s 0.1%.  It has been below 1% since March 2009.

Will inflation remain high?

Many of the factors behind the current surge are related to the pandemic and expected to be temporary. 

As economies opened unevenly after lockdowns, companies have been struggling to keep up with rapidly rising demand as they rebuild their supply chains.  Shortages of many goods like computer chips and building materials have pushed prices up. 

In addition, electricity prices rose sharply, hitting us both directly and indirectly as businesses pass on costs to customers. 

The Bank of England expects inflation could reach about 6% by spring 2022, but then start to come down. It warns, however, that some prices may remain higher than in the past. 

The European Central Bank also expects inflation to reduce over 2022 as supply gradually catches up with demand, but warns that as the pandemic is unprecedented in modern times this recovery may be different.

One particular uncertainty is wages. Prices and wages influence each other - if wages rise to compensate for higher costs of living, companies may recoup this expense by putting their prices up, so this an area to watch.

Protecting your retirement savings

Hopefully inflation will soon fall back to comfortable levels but, as mentioned earlier, even low levels will affect you by eroding your spending power year after year.  You always need to plan to protect your savings from inflation.

To generate returns that outstrip inflation, you need to invest in assets that historically generate returns in excess of inflation over time. Reduce risk to your capital by working with a wealth management adviser to follow a disciplined investment process:

·      Establish your goals and time horizon.

·      Determine your attitude to risk – your adviser should take you through a suitability process to calculate this objectively.

·      Construct a suitable, well-diversified portfolio to achieve your investment plan and objectives. 

·      Use quality investment managers.

·      Review your portfolio annually to keep it on track.

·      Be patient and stick with your plan – it is time in the market, not timing the market, that is likely to help you achieve your longer-term goals.

If you already have investments but without a carefully designed strategy tailored to your particular situation and appetite for risk, or have not reviewed them recently, look at your financial affairs to confirm if they are suitably structured to provide protection from potential future threats like inflation and taxation.

You need a tax informed investment strategy with the potential to provide capital growth higher than inflation and where your money is legitimately protected from unnecessary taxation. This can be achieved with a diversified investment portfolio, based on your objectives, circumstances and risk profile, held within a tax-efficient arrangement which is compliant in France.

CPI data is based on figures available on 20 January 2022. All advice received from Blevins Franks is personalised and provided in writing. This article, however, should not be construed as providing any personalised taxation or investment advice.

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Blevins Franks Financial Tips - UK Based Financial Advice and Services Post Brexit - Four Important Considerations

As we move towards the end of 2021,Brexit is no longer a novelty, but we are still learning exactly how we are or may be affected.  While in many ways day-to-day life hasn’t changed for British expatriates, there are some inconveniences – some minor, some not so minor. 

One Brexit consequence that is causing concern and difficulties for many UK nationals in France, is financial advice and services – we are receiving a lot of questions about it. 

The Brexit trade deal did not cover financial services, which meant the previous ‘passporting’ regime came to an end on 31 December 2020.   While post-Brexit negotiations could change things in the future, you do need to establish if your financial planning – and adviser – will stand up to the challenges that Brexit brings today. Here are four key considerations.

1.     The end of passporting

If you have a good relationship with your UK-based financial adviser, you may understandably wish to continue using them, despite now living in a different country. However, you need to make sure they can legally continue to advise you now that the UK is no longer an EU member state. 

Until the end of 2020, UK-based financial businesses could ‘passport’ out of the UK and into Europe – but since 1 January 2021, this no longer applies.  

‘Passporting’ enables cross-border transactions between EU member states through shared financial regulation. It was previously possible because the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) was bound by the same rules and standards as other regulators in the EU. Now the UK has left the EU, the regulation of financial activity and consumer protection no longer lines up on both sides. So, unless a mutual deal is agreed on financial services in future, the EU no longer permits ongoing passporting arrangements for UK financial businesses and advisers.

Some UK financial firms have put arrangements in place to be able to continue working in an EU country post-Brexit, but others have not. Many expatriates with EU residential addresses have received letters from UK banks, financial advisers and investment institutions advising that they can no longer support them.   

2.     The limits of UK advice

If you still retain UK investments, a UK-based adviser may be able to continue supporting you there. But if you hold savings and investments with an EU-based institution, they may no longer accept instructions, such as top-ups, from a UK adviser. The financial regulator in France, for example, had confirmed it would be illegal for French banks and insurance firms to do business with a provider who is not authorised in the country post-Brexit. Similarly, while the Central Bank of Ireland enabled a three-year grace period for servicing existing insurance contracts, it will not allow unregulated entities to renew or create new policies from 2021.

We can expect similar positions to be taken by other EU regulators seeking to protect consumers in their country, so this could limit the planning opportunities for expatriates using UK-based advisers.

Also, check if there are any practical challenges to keeping a UK-based adviser. Do you have to travel to the UK for meetings and paperwork requirements? Consider how this would work in situations where you need funds quickly or are unable to travel through illness or travel restrictions.

3.     The advantages of local knowledge

As well as the legal and practical implications, consider whether an adviser based in a different country is best placed to help you take advantage of opportunities available to you in France. For example:

·      Do they fully understand the intricacies of the French tax regime and how it interacts with UK taxation?

·      Do they have in-depth knowledge of the French residence, domicile, tax, succession law and reporting rules?

·      Do they know about – and have access to – tax-efficient solutions that offer significant benefits to France residents?

·      Who will pay the bill or face the consequences if they get things wrong?

While UK-based advisers may be experts on the ins and outs of the UK system for residents there, it is unlikely that they have the same in-depth knowledge for another country. 

4.     The suitability of UK planning

Remember: financial planning that is tailored for a UK resident is unlikely to remain suitable once you become resident elsewhere. If you have not yet moved to France, review your arrangements before you do to minimise taxation when changing residency and make the most of tax-efficient opportunities in France.

If you are holding on to UK savings and investments, beware that they can lose their tax benefits once you are living abroad. And once they cease to be EU/EEA assets and you are no longer a UK resident, they could potentially attract a higher tax bill, in either or even both countries. 

Meanwhile, France residents have access to locally-compliant alternatives that can offer other advantages besides tax-efficiency – such as multi-currency and estate planning flexibility – so explore your options. Depending on your circumstances, many British expatriates in France have found that reviewing and adjusting how and where they hold their capital has significantly improved their tax position. 

It has never been more important to ensure your financial affairs are both compliant and suitable for your life in France. Secure financial peace of mind by talking to an experienced, locally-based adviser.

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Blevins Franks Group Financial Advice - French Succession Law – New Forced Heirship Rules

In August, France approved changes to succession law  which will affect the forced heirship rules applied on French assets. It will allow children to contest a will, even if you opted for UK law to apply to your estate. This could affect the succession planning you set up over recent years.

France’s long-standing Napoleonic code was created to protect the bloodline. Children are protected heirs and must inherit 50-75% of an estate (depending on the number of children).  These rules apply to your worldwide estate if you die as a habitual resident of France, and a will, even a foreign one, will be ignored if it attempts to override these reserved heirship rights. 

Brussels IV
In 2015 there a welcome development for British expatriates who wish to avoid French succession laws.  The European succession regulations (‘Brussels IV’) allow foreign nationals to elect for the law of their country of nationality to apply to their assets on their death, rather than that of their country of residence. Provided this election is made in their will, nationals of many common law countries (such as the UK and US) can avoid forced heirship rules and potentially choose to leave children out of a will.    

France’s new succession rules for French assets 
On 13 August 2021, the French Constitutional Council approved new legislation which will affect the forced heirship rules applied on French assets.

Under the new legislation, if French assets pass according to the provisions of a country which does not impose forced heirship rules – as is the case in England and Wales – the protected heirs (biological and adopted children) can make a claim for the share they would be entitled to under the French rules. 

This means children could challenge the parent’s will and seek for compensation. This would even apply to estranged children who have had no contact with the parent for decades. The compensation mechanism, however, only applies to French assets. 

In summary, the new rules apply where:

·      the deceased individual was either habitually resident in an EU country or a national of an EU country; or

·      the children were habitually resident in an EU country or nationals of an EU country; and

·      the law applied in the will of the deceased individual does not include any forced heirship / protected share for his/her children.

 The new legislation is likely to come into force before the end of 2021 (three months after the publication of the law) and only succession after the relevant date will be affected. 

 At first glance, this new legislation seems contrary to the European succession regulations which override the domestic French legislation. Therefore, there is a strong chance it will be challenged in the European Courts. 

There are also outstanding questions on how the rules would apply. For example, when an election is made to apply the law of Scotland which has forced heirship rules but enables parents to disown children in some circumstances. 

Does this impact you?
Many British expatriates have used Brussel’s IV to avoid France’s forced heirship rules.  Now, under the new rules, if you die as a French resident and have elected, for example, to use English law, if you do not leave your biological children a share of your estate equal to what they would be entitled to under French rules, they can potentially make a claim for their protected share of your French assets.

If you wish to retain flexibility of disposition of assets at death, it is now more important to minimise the value of the assets held in France.  If the new rules are applied on a strict basis (ignoring the European regulations), it will be more difficult to pass your French assets according to your wishes.

This should be considered very carefully when drafting wills in France. French may now not be willing to include the election to use the law of a country with no forced heirship rules. 

The interaction with the Brussels IV rules is not yet clear, and it is likely to take some time to establish how the new rules are applied in practice.

Estate planning for France
Even before this development, we always recommend you should take specialist advice before using Brussels IV as electing for UK law may have consequences you are not aware of.  You also need to watch out for high succession tax rates (up to 60%) if you leave assets to distant or non-relatives.

In any case, there are steps you can take to avoid some of these problems created by France’s succession regime. If you have not yet bought French property, take personal advice before you do as matters may be sorted by simply reviewing how the property should be held. And even what some people think of as obvious answers, such as putting property in their children’s name to avoid taxes on death can have unexpected effects, including actually increasing the tax liability.

Estate planning in France is complex, with the succession law and tax regimes very different to the UK’s. But professional advice and advance planning will make things easier and give you peace of mind, and help ensure the right money goes to the right hands at the right time.

Tax rates, scope and reliefs may change. Any statements concerning taxation are based upon our understanding of current taxation laws and practices which are subject to change. Tax information has been summarised; individuals should seek personalised advice.

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Blevins Franks Financial Advice - Tax Efficient Investing in France - the Benefits of Assurance-Vie

When you look at the headline rates of tax in France, you can understand why many people consider France to be an expensive country to live in, tax-wise.  What they often do not realise, however, is that they may be able to take advantage of compliant opportunities to protect their assets from various French taxes – so much so they may even end up paying less tax in France than in countries like the UK.  With the right structures in place, you could significantly lower your tax bill.  

What was tax efficient in the UK is generally not tax efficient in France.  For example, ISAs and Premium Bonds are taxable in France. 

One very useful arrangement for lowering French tax on your investment income is the assurance-vie.  This specialised form of life assurance allows you to hold a wide range of investment assets and is highly tax efficient for residents of France, especially if you hold your policy for over eight years.  

Both French nationals and expatriates find assurance-vie to be very valuable for providing tax-efficient income (particularly useful in retirement) while also protecting their wealth for their loved ones. 

French tax benefits of assurance-vie

1.     Income and gains can roll up tax-free within the policy

2.     Withdrawals are taxed very favourably

3.     Substantial allowance from year 9

4.     Succession tax savings for your heirs 

5.     Wide range of investment options 

6.     Consolidation of investments in one policy

7.     Estate planning benefits

1) Income and gains

 If you do not take any withdrawals, there is no income or capital gains tax to pay, regardless of how much the capital has grown or how much interest has been earned within the policy. 
 

2) How withdrawals are taxed

When you take withdrawals, they are taxed very favourably.  Only the growth element is taxed, rather than the whole withdrawal.  For example, if the whole portfolio of assets within your assurance-vie has grown by 7%, and you are taking a withdrawal of €25,000, you only pay tax on €1,750 and €23,250 is tax free!   

For new policies set up after 27 September 2017, the tax rate on withdrawals is 30% (the standard tax rate on investment income).  This includes both 12.8% income tax and 17.2% social charges.  The income tax rate is lowered to 7.5% for income from contracts which are more than eight years old and relate to contributions not exceeding €150,000. You can also elect to pay the scale rates of income tax instead, which can work out cheaper even with social charges.  

Note that the 30% fixed rate only applies if your policy is approved for French tax purposes. If you have a non-EU assurance-vie you will pay the scale rates of income tax plus 17.2% social charges, regardless of your premium.  Policies from companies in the Isle of Man, Channel Islands – and now also the UK – are therefore at a disadvantage. 

3) Annual €4,600 tax-free allowance

Once you have owned your policy for over eight years, your first €4,600 –  €9,200 for a married couple – of growth withdrawn every year can be tax-free. This doesn’t apply to social charges but is still a very favourable tax break.  

4) Reducing succession tax

An assurance-vie could also help lower your succession tax liability.  

In particular, considerable tax savings can be made if the policy was established with lives assured under age 70.  Each individual beneficiary will receive a €152,500 exemption, after which they pay a flat tax rate of 20% (when the taxable part of the assurance-vie is under €700,000) and 31.25% on any excess over €700,000. 

If you are over 70 when you set up your policy, your heirs are still better off with your assurance-vie as, although they pay the usual succession tax rates, they receive a €30,500 allowance. 

5-7) Other assurance-vie benefits

 Depending on your policy, you can usually hold a wide range of investment options within your assurance-vie, with flexible currency options. 

You can bring many different investments together under one roof making it easier to manage, and combine your tax and investment planning in one exercise.  

Purchases and sales within the policy are normally transacted at little or no cost, so you can change your investments as your circumstances change without incurring extra costs.  

Investments within an assurance-vie can also be easier to distribute to your nominated heirs on your death, making their life easier. 

It is important to note that there are different types of assurance-vie policies available, and you need to make sure you choose the one that will provide the advantages you are looking for.  Tax rules and rates in France also change frequently so your adviser needs to be up-to-date on the latest regulations in France and what actually works for British expatriates living here.  

Finally, your tax and investment planning should be based around your situation, objectives and estate plans, so it is essential to take personalised advice.

The tax rates, scope and reliefs may change.  Any statements concerning taxation are based upon our understanding of current taxation laws and practices which are subject to change.  Tax information has been summarised; an individual must seek personalised advice.  

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here