Blevins Franks Financial Tips - Protecting your Financial Security Through Retirement

Retirement can last 30 years or more. To help us enjoy these well-earned years and have peace of mind, we all need to plan ahead, build up our savings and then protect them for our long-term future.  While the earlier we start doing this in our careers the better, it gets more important the closer we get to retirement.  And we need to continue taking steps to protect our retirement savings even after we’ve started drawing our pensions, regularly reviewing our arrangements to ensure we continue meeting our retirement goals. 

Before retirement
As retirement begins to get closer, it’s time to start planning how you want to spend your golden years and ensure you are on the right track financially. There may be steps you can take today to help make your retirement goal a reality.

 Questions to ask yourself include:

·      Will I be able to afford to retire when I want to?

·      What is the best strategy for withdrawing from my business or employment?

·      What options do I have for my pensions? Are they likely to change?

·      Will I be able to retain my existing wealth and assets?

·      Do I want to spend some or all of my retirement abroad?

Let’s say that you plan to retire within the next few years and move permanently to France. You may have concerns about whether you can afford your preferred lifestyle without having to sell existing assets. Perhaps you have a business to sell and are unsure how best to convert your years of hard work into a retirement nest egg. Then there are the complex residence and tax implications of living in a different country.

 Professional financial advice can prove invaluable here, especially with an adviser who understands France and can provide cross-border advice covering both countries. A good adviser will take a holistic view of what you have – your savings, investments, assets, pensions – together with what you want – your income requirements, estate planning wishes – and an objective assessment of who you are – your circumstances, timeline, goals, risk appetite – to design a personalised retirement plan for you. 

After retirement 

Being retired doesn’t mean you can forget about retirement planning. 

Regular reviews allow you to adapt your strategy to suit your changing circumstances and goals, such as incorporating new family members, addressing health issues or relocating. It enables you to keep up with the ever-changing tax and pensions landscape, including new opportunities that could work in your favour.  

 You also need to keep protecting your savings and retirement income from inflation. As the cost of living rising, the value of your money falls, so that in the long-term you could have considerably less spending power than you have today. 

 Your pension options

 Pensions are usually the foundation of retirement, so deciding what to do here may be one of life’s most important financial decisions. Pensions are complex, and with so much choice available, you must take great care.

 You might benefit from consolidating several UK pensions into one to provide a coherent, more cost-effective investment platform for your retirement income, but first establish what would be the most tax-efficient approach for a France resident. Receiving pension income in sterling also exposes you to conversion costs and exchange rate risk.

 Many British expatriates have chosen to transfer their UK pensions to a Qualifying Overseas Pension Scheme (QROPS) which have provided flexibility to take income in euros, more freedom to pass benefits to chosen heirs, and protection from further UK lifetime allowance charges.  But pension rules frequently change so you need to keep up-to-date, and in any case always take regulated, specialist advice before making pension decisions to protect your benefits and establish the best option for you.

 Keep an eye on the UK’s lifetime allowance (LTA). The UK caps how much you can hold in combined pension benefits (excluding State Pension) without paying extra tax. Once your funds exceed the limit, you pay a tax charge whenever you access your money – 55% for lump sums or 25% for income or transfers to an overseas pension.  This also applies to non-UK residents.

Retiring in France

If you plan to retire in France, review your retirement strategy early. You need to consider your residence status and cross-border tax implications and adapt your estate planning to suit France’s different succession rules. 

Careful planning is the key to minimising taxation and maximising the available opportunities so you can enjoy your dream retirement for as long as you need. For the best results, take specialist, cross-border advice.

All advice received from any Blevins Franks firm is personalised and provided in writing. This article however, should not be construed as providing any personalised taxation and/or investment advice.

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

 You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Blevins Franks Financial Tips - How Does Inflation Impact Your Retirement Savings?

With inflation surging in both the EU and the UK, now is the time to review your savings and investments to establish if they are suitably structured to provide protection from this threat. Even low levels of inflation can erode your spending power over time and retirees need to plan for this.  

“Inflation is when you pay fifteen dollars for the ten-dollar haircut you used to get for five dollars when you had hair”. 

This quote by American author and humorist Sam Ewing may make you smile, but it is a good example of the impact of inflation over the passage of time and underlines a serious threat to our long-term financial security.

Ronald Reagan used a more hard-hitting description: 
“Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber and as deadly as a hit man”.  

Many people do not realise how damaging inflation is to their wealth over the longer term; it is easy to become complacent after years of low levels. But it is surging in many countries, causing concern among savers and retirees. In fact, you should always take inflation seriously as even low levels impact your wealth and retirement income over time – you may not notice the effects each year until it is too late.  

The impact of inflation 

You cannot just consider inflation rates on their own, you need to compare them to your earnings. If your savings generate a lower return than inflation, the real value of your money is falling and your income will buy less than it used to. 

Put very simply, and ignoring the impact of compounding, if your bank account pays 1% interest but inflation is 2%, after 10 years you will have 10% more money, but the goods and services you purchase will cost 20% more. In real terms you’ll effectively be 10% poorer.  The more time passes, the more damaging it is. 

Official Consumer Price Index (CPI) figures are based on a basket of goods containing a representative selection of items for people across all ages and incomes. It rarely reflects our own personal inflation rate.  As an illustration, a personal annual rate of 4% would reduce the spending power of 100,000 (Euros or Pounds) to around 67,000 after 10 years.  After 20 years it will have lost around 55% of its value and after 30 years your 100,000 would have the purchasing power of around 30,000 today.  

Inflation in Eurozone and France 

Across the Eurozone, the annual inflation rate reached a record 5.0% in December 2021, up from 4.9% in November. A year earlier, the rate was -0.3%. For the EU as a whole it was 5.3%.  The highest contribution to the annual euro area inflation rate came from energy, followed by services, non-energy industrial goods and food, alcohol & tobacco.

France tends to have lower inflation than the EU average and was 3.4% in December 2021.  A year previously it was 0%, but it first hit over 2% in August and has been slowly climbing since, with its Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices reaching 3.4% in November 2021 and maintaining the same rate in December. 

The biggest culprits were energy and petroleum products, but food prices have also seen a sharp increase year on year. 

UK inflation

In the UK CPI reached 5.4% in December 2021, the highest rate for almost 30 years. A year previously it was 0.3%.

In comparison, the Bank of England’s main interest rate was just 0.25% in December, an increase from November’s 0.1%.  It has been below 1% since March 2009.

Will inflation remain high?

Many of the factors behind the current surge are related to the pandemic and expected to be temporary. 

As economies opened unevenly after lockdowns, companies have been struggling to keep up with rapidly rising demand as they rebuild their supply chains.  Shortages of many goods like computer chips and building materials have pushed prices up. 

In addition, electricity prices rose sharply, hitting us both directly and indirectly as businesses pass on costs to customers. 

The Bank of England expects inflation could reach about 6% by spring 2022, but then start to come down. It warns, however, that some prices may remain higher than in the past. 

The European Central Bank also expects inflation to reduce over 2022 as supply gradually catches up with demand, but warns that as the pandemic is unprecedented in modern times this recovery may be different.

One particular uncertainty is wages. Prices and wages influence each other - if wages rise to compensate for higher costs of living, companies may recoup this expense by putting their prices up, so this an area to watch.

Protecting your retirement savings

Hopefully inflation will soon fall back to comfortable levels but, as mentioned earlier, even low levels will affect you by eroding your spending power year after year.  You always need to plan to protect your savings from inflation.

To generate returns that outstrip inflation, you need to invest in assets that historically generate returns in excess of inflation over time. Reduce risk to your capital by working with a wealth management adviser to follow a disciplined investment process:

·      Establish your goals and time horizon.

·      Determine your attitude to risk – your adviser should take you through a suitability process to calculate this objectively.

·      Construct a suitable, well-diversified portfolio to achieve your investment plan and objectives. 

·      Use quality investment managers.

·      Review your portfolio annually to keep it on track.

·      Be patient and stick with your plan – it is time in the market, not timing the market, that is likely to help you achieve your longer-term goals.

If you already have investments but without a carefully designed strategy tailored to your particular situation and appetite for risk, or have not reviewed them recently, look at your financial affairs to confirm if they are suitably structured to provide protection from potential future threats like inflation and taxation.

You need a tax informed investment strategy with the potential to provide capital growth higher than inflation and where your money is legitimately protected from unnecessary taxation. This can be achieved with a diversified investment portfolio, based on your objectives, circumstances and risk profile, held within a tax-efficient arrangement which is compliant in France.

CPI data is based on figures available on 20 January 2022. All advice received from Blevins Franks is personalised and provided in writing. This article, however, should not be construed as providing any personalised taxation or investment advice.

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Blevins Franks Financial Tips - Investing Responsibly - Earning Returns While Helping the Environment and Society

The news was dominated recently by the COP26 meeting in Glasgow and the environmental issues affecting the planet and our daily lives.  It came at a time when many of us were already thinking about what changes we can make to play our part in improving the situation. The topic of ‘ESG investing’ – Environmental, Social, Governance – was highlighted over the fortnight and it is something many investors are keen to explore. 

The November COP26 (26th Conference of the Parties) was a global United Nations summit about climate change and how countries can bring it under control.  Large companies also need to play their part to reduce their impact on the environment, and this is where investors can be selective over which companies to buy shares in.

Interest in ESG investment has been growing noticeably over recent years. Investors are placing greater emphasis on the environmental and social impact of their investments, wanting to make sure the firms benefiting from their capital do not contribute to problems like climate change, inequality etc. They are increasingly seeking to manage to exposure to ESG factors, while generating sustainable long-term returns – responsible investing and performance can be complementary.  

It is estimated that around 20% of global investors have some ESG investments and almost 50% say they are interested. 

ESG investing 

This type of responsible investing prioritises financial returns alongside a company’s impact on the environment, its stakeholders and society.  Here are some simple definitions:

·      Environmental – The impact of a company’s activities on the environment: carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy usage, using a sustainable supply chain etc. Positive outcomes include managing resources and executing environmental reporting/disclosure, or avoiding/minimising environmental liabilities such as climate impact or pollution.

·      Social – A company’s impact on its employees, customers, consumers, suppliers and the local community: how employees are treated, racial diversity among staff and executives, LGBTQ+ equality, inclusion programmes etc.  Positive outcomes include increasing health, productivity, and morale, or reducing negative outcomes such as high turnover and absenteeism.

·      Governance – The way companies are run: how does the management drive positive change?  What are its business ethics?  Positive outcomes include aligning interests of shareowners and management, improving diversity and accountability, and avoiding unpleasant financial surprises, such as excessive executive remuneration.

In summary, ESG investing considers how a company serves its staff, communities, customers, stakeholders and the environment. 

These days, most public companies, as well as many private ones, are evaluated and rated on their ESG performance by various third-party providers of reports and ratings. These include Bloomberg, S&P Dow Jones Indices and MSCI.   

Institutional investors, asset managers, financial institutions and other stakeholders are increasingly relying on these reports and ratings to assess and measure companies’ ESG performance compared to peers.

ESG performance 

Investing responsibly does not mean you have to accept lower returns.  

ESG investing is building up a good track record, with noteworthy performance over the pandemic. During the market turbulence and uncertainty, many companies with strong ESG track records showed lower volatility than others  and investors turned to ESG for increased resiliency.   According to US financial services firm Morningstar, the last quarter of 2020 saw record sales of $152 billion and total assets invested worldwide reached $1.6 trillion. 

Analysis by Morningstar also found that, over a decade, 80% of equity funds investing in sustainability outperform traditional funds. ESG funds also show longevity – 77% of ESG funds that existed 10 years ago survived, compared to 46% of traditional funds.  

Investment planning 

You do not need to spend hours researching a company’s ESG track record and scores, or comparing its share price with other companies to try and work out which ones to invest in.   As with other capital investments, you can buy funds which invest in highly rated companies. This also reduces risk as it provides much more diversification.  

Apply the same investment principles with ESG investing as with all other capital investments: 

1.     Establish your objectives and time horizon.

2.     Obtain an objective analysis of your appetite for risk. 

3.     Have a mix of assets and sectors in your portfolio to reduce the risk of one area performing badly.  

4.     When considering a new investment, analyse how it fits in with the rest of your portfolio and impacts its risk weighting. 

5.     Conduct regular reviews, around once a year.  

 You can choose to use a financial advisory company that incorporates responsible investing within its advisory services. Some companies now look at ESG considerations, as well as traditional assessments, as a part of the overall investment considerations when assessing suitability of investments for clients.  

So responsible investing does not have to involve more work on your part, and you can invest as you normally would, without compromising returns or your risk weightings – but with the difference being which companies benefit from your investment capital.  You don’t need to focus all your portfolio on ESG funds – indeed, you need a good spread of assets to reduce risk – but it is one step you can take to help protect our environment and society. 

All advice received from Blevins Franks is personalised and provided in writing. This article, however, should not be construed as providing any personalised investment advice.  The value of investments can fall as well as rise, as can the income arising from them. Past performance should not be seen as an indication of future performance.

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Blevins Franks Financial Tips - Key Elements for Successful Investing – Creating and Protecting Wealth

What do you need to think about when it comes to creating and protecting your wealth as a French resident?

Drawing the analogy between investment planning and gardening may bring a clearer understanding of the important factors to consider, particularly when you have moved from the UK to France – not everything you have previously planted is the best for current circumstances.  

Investment through the various stages of your life has seasons, as does gardening.   What you successfully planted and grew in the UK may be entirely wrong for France. You have to consider your new, often very different conditions if you are to get your plants to flourish and achieve the results you are looking for.  You then need to carry out regular ‘weeding’ to ensure the long-term growth of the plants you wish to develop and sustain for the future.  

This is all a careful process and often involves professional guidance. A locally based adviser who understands and has years of experience dealing with the local conditions will give you the best results. 

In our view, these are the key aspects that you need to address to ensure you obtain the optimum investment portfolio to suit your particular situation:

Tax and succession considerations - choosing the right tax-efficient structure

A tax-efficient structure, such as an ISA or pension plan in the UK, can keep most of your investments in one place and help you legitimately avoid paying too much tax. You want to ensure as much of your hard-earned wealth as possible is placed in the most suitable structure to limit your tax liabilities. At the same time, consider your estate planning wishes so your investment capital can be passed to your chosen heirs as easily and tax efficiently as possible. 

That was perhaps easier to achieve in the UK where we are accustomed to the rules, but here in France with its complex tax and succession regimes and various reforms over the years, it is sensible to take advice from someone who is well-versed in the nuances of the French systems and how they impact your wealth. 

In France, UK ISA accounts are not tax-efficient and the income and gains generated are fully taxable here as investment income – you will currently pay 30% which covers both income tax and social charges. 

There are, however, compliant arrangements available in France, for example, assurance vie, that provide significant tax advantages as well as estate planning benefits.  There are various assurance vie available though, so you need to choose the most suitable for your circumstances and objectives. 

Establishing your risk profile and optimum portfolio

Most of us recognise that for some of our assets, exposure to market movements gives us a better chance of outperforming inflation and producing real returns over the medium to long term. 

However, the starting point has to be to obtain a clear and objective assessment of your appetite for risk. These days there are some very sophisticated ways of evaluating your risk appetite, involving a combination of psychometric assessments and consideration of your investment aims and other assets.  Since this is an emotional issue, you will benefit from third party professional, objective guidance here.

The key is then ensuring your investment portfolio matches your attitude to risk.  Without such a sound assessment being then matched to the optimum blend of investments, you could find yourself with a portfolio that is too risky or too cautious for you.

Another important initial step in ensuring your portfolio is suitable for you is to establish your objectives. Are you looking for income, growth or a combination of the two? What is your investment time horizon?  Your adviser should help you build a portfolio based on both your risk profile and objectives.

Diversify, diversify, diversify

The higher your concentration in one particular investment type or area, the greater the risk. By spreading across different asset types (such as equities, bonds, property, cash) and then across sectors, geographical regions and companies, you give your portfolio the chance to produce positive returns over time without being vulnerable to any single area or stock under-performing.

You can take diversification further by utilising a 'multi-manager' approach to spread your investments out among several carefully-selected fund managers. This reduces your reliance on any one manager making the right decisions in all market conditions.

Regular reviews 

You should then review your portfolio, usually once a year.  As asset values rise and fall, your portfolio can shift away from the one designed to match your risk profile and objectives.  You may need to make adjustments to re-establish your weightings. With today’s challenging and changing climate, reviews are even more important to help control risk and encourage a positive effect on portfolio performance. 

You also need to consider any changes in your personal circumstances, as well as to tax and succession regulations – particularly in France where the annual budgets can introduce significant tax reforms.

Your investment adviser

Choosing your adviser is another key element of successful wealth management. If you are still using a UK-based adviser there are two issues to consider.

Are your financial arrangements tailored for your life in France or are they actually better suited to a UK resident? 

Brexit dissolved automatic ‘passporting’ rights for UK financial services in the EU, so unless they have made other arrangements, UK advisers, banks and financial providers may no longer able to legally service French residents. If you have UK bank accounts or investments, you may be restricted from making changes, such as moving funds or applying for new services, or they may be closed altogether. 

To bring all these guidelines together, take personalised, quality advice from a regulated, locally-based adviser. With the right strategy in place for your life in France, you can help protect and grow your wealth in real terms – not only during your lifetime but for the next generations to enjoy.

This article should not be construed as providing any personalised investment or taxation advice. Summarised tax information is based upon our understanding of current laws and practices which may change. Individuals should seek personalised advice.

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

Investment Tips with Corporate Partner Blevins Frank - Why Chasing Star Performers Won’t Guarantee Investment Success

While it may be tempting to choose investments based on past performance, this tactic rarely works in the long term. So how can you put your best foot forward as an investor?

Reading about investing, you will usually find the disclaimer ‘past performance is no indicator of future performance’. While this may seem like a standard get-out clause inserted by lawyers, it serves as an important reminder that nothing is certain in the world of investment.

There is a reason we aren’t all making millions on the stock markets! Financial markets are complicated and unpredictable, with no formula you can follow to ensure you will strike big, or even get out more than you put in. It is important for private investors to carefully manage risk, as investment success often comes down to the sheer luck of being in the right place at the right time.

Given this element of chance, it is important not to get swayed by the latest trend and chase good performance. History repeatedly shows that the best performer one year could be amongst the worst the following year. 

Asset class performance

There have been many examples of ‘star’ assets that have soared before dramatically crashing back to earth. The dot.com bubble famously saw US technology stocks in the Nasdaq Index rise five-fold in the late 1990s before falling 77% in 2002, wiping out billions of dollars. Just recently we have witnessed the less dramatic, but nonetheless volatile, fortunes of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies change rapidly. 

Essentially, there is little long-term benefit in only picking the latest top-performing asset. If you look at which asset type generated the most returns during a year, you would likely see a different star each month. Take 2019 – the year started with North American equities leading the way, only to move over for UK stocks the next month, then European shares before property took the spotlight. May saw Japanese equities ahead, followed by emerging markets, then Asia-Pacific stocks. UK bonds in varying forms took over for the next four months, before the year ended with cash in the lead. 

Over the ten-year period from 2010, no two years followed the same pattern, and one asset class rarely spent more than one month at the top. Without a crystal ball or a time machine, you could not have picked the right winners every time.    

Fund manager performance 

The same is true of ‘star’ fund managers. With hundreds of funds available from different managers, it can be difficult to know where to turn. While many of them seem to offer similar investment opportunities, the difference in performance can be significant… but often temporary.

Let’s say you had invested £10,000 in a UK-listed shares fund over the ten-year period starting 1 January 2010. If you happened to be in the best performing fund over that period, you would have made a net profit of 440%. Meanwhile, investing in the lowest performing fund would have brought a much reduced profit of 49%. Similarly, the best-performing property fund over that period would have returned profits of 227% versus 72% from the lowest.

On the face of it, it looks like you should just pick the best performing fund. But again, choosing a previously successful fund manager is no way to guarantee ongoing top performance. Statistics illustrate how the performance of the top 25% of fund managers tends to weaken over time. Of the 56 managers in the top quarter of performers in 2015, for instance, only four remained the next year. 

A sensible investment approach

So how can you improve your chances of investment success? There are some key principles you can follow to help manage risk and reach your financial goals.

Diversification is crucial. Spreading your investments across multiple areas is the optimal strategy for minimising risk. This should include a range of different asset classes (shares, bonds, cash, property) as well as geographical regions and market sectors. Diversifying in this way gives your portfolio the chance to produce positive returns over time without being vulnerable to any single area or stock under-performing. You can diversify further using a dynamic ‘multi-manager’ approach, which reduces reliance on any one manager making the right decisions in all market conditions.

It is also important to think long term and have patience when investing. As we have seen, chasing good, quick returns rarely succeeds in the long run. Likewise, exiting a market when it dips would lock in your losses and make you miss any rebounds when markets recover. Research shows that ‘time in’ the market – staying fully invested – is a more successful strategy for investors than trying to ‘time’ the market.

Ultimately, of course, you need to make sure your portfolio is matched to your personal situation, income requirements, goals and timeline, alongside your appetite for risk. This is best assessed objectively by an experienced professional who can then build a diversified portfolio with the right balance of risk/return for your peace of mind. 

For the best results, talk to a locally based adviser with cross-border experience who can bring all the principles together while ensuring your arrangements are structured as tax-efficiently as possible for your life in France. 

All advice received from Blevins Franks is personalised and provided in writing. This article, however, should not be construed as providing any personalised taxation or investment advice. 

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

UK Pension Benefits - the Lifetime Allowance Limits Explained by Blevins Franks - Wealth Management Advisors

Will your pensions get caught in the lifetime allowance trap? 

By Rob Kay, Senior Partner, Blevins Franks   

If you have several UK pensions, have been saving for many years or have a generous company pension, you could be at greater risk of 25% or 55% tax penalties following recent measures.

One key outcome of the 2021 UK Budget was that the pensions lifetime allowance (LTA) was frozen at its current level for at least the next five years. This measure alone is estimated to net the Treasury approximately £990 million by 2026, pushing an extra 10,000 people over the threshold. With LTA tax penalties as high as 55%, make sure you are not caught unprepared.

What is the lifetime allowance?

Since 2006, the UK government has capped how much you can hold in combined pension benefits without paying extra tax. Originally £1.5 million, the LTA peaked in 2011 at £1.8 million before gradually dropping to £1 million in 2016. Tracking inflation since then, the March 2021 Budget cancelled this year’s scheduled increase, freezing the LTA at its current level of £1,073,100 until at least 2026. 

Who is affected by the LTA?

While the current lifetime allowance of £1,073,100 sounds high, it does not just capture the ultra-wealthy. 

All UK pension benefits outside the State Pension are counted, including everything accumulated over a working lifetime. After decades of pension contributions, compounding interest, investment growth and tax relief, the limit may be closer than you think. 

For ‘final salary’ (defined benefit) pension schemes, the usual measure of value is 20x the annual income due. Generally this will mean those with pensions worth £53,655+ a year would be affected today. 

What are the LTA penalties? 

Once total pension funds exceed the allowance limit, extra tax is payable whenever you access your money – technically called a ‘benefit crystallisation event’. How much you pay depends on the way funds are withdrawn – rates are 55% for lump sums and 25% for income or transfers to an overseas pension. So at best, the cost of being over can be a quarter of your funds, at worst: over half. Note that this is on top of any other tax payable. 

Being non-UK resident offers no protection. Usually, under the double tax agreement, residents of France are not liable for UK taxes on British pensions (except government service pensions). However, for anyone over the allowance, these rules do not apply – the LTA tax is applied in the UK first and cannot be claimed back. 

How can you check your LTA position?

Calculating how much of your allowance you have used is not always straightforward, especially for final salary pensions, so check your position with your provider or pension adviser.

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) will first test your allowance status when you start drawing your pension, then every time you access funds and when you turn 75. If you die before 75, any lump sums paid to your beneficiaries will also be subject to the LTA test and subsequent tax penalties. 

How can you protect your pensions?

While it is possible to obtain ‘protection’ from HMRC to secure a higher limit, be aware that strict conditions apply, so take guidance.

Expatriates have the option of transferring UK pension funds to a Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme (QROPS). If you transfer one or more UK pensions into a QROPS and your total benefits are under £1.073 million, you will not face LTA taxes on the transfer. However, make sure the QROPS is within the European Economic Area (EEA), otherwise you would still lose 25% through the ‘overseas transfer charge’. 

Once in a QROPS, funds are out of reach of LTA penalties, no matter how much you have or how you access it. A suitable QROPS can also provide tax-efficiency, currency flexibility and estate planning benefits. 

An alternative option is to explore taking your UK pension as cash and reinvesting it into a tax-efficient French-compliant arrangement. Again, this can unlock other benefits not usually available with UK pensions.

Reviewing your options 

Before making any major pension decisions, it is crucial to take regulated, personalised advice to avoid pension scams and determine the most suitable approach for you.

What if you are already over the limit? While you would trigger an immediate 25% LTA charge on a QROPS transfer, the funds become immune to further penalties. If you instead transferred to a UK scheme, like a Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP), you would not trigger immediate taxation but the funds would remain liable – with future charges increasing as funds grew. The 25% or 55% LTA penalties would then become payable whenever you take benefits and also apply to any heirs inheriting the pension.

If you are close to the threshold, consider acting sooner rather than later. Your pension funds should continue to grow while the lifetime allowance remains frozen, so you could potentially avoid unnecessary taxation by taking steps now.

Even if your pension benefits are within the allowance or you are not yet ready to access them, it is a good idea to review your situation. A regulated adviser with cross-border experience can help you explore your options and take advantage of tax-efficient opportunities to help secure a comfortable retirement in France.

Tax rates, scope and reliefs may change. Any statements concerning taxation are based upon our understanding of current taxation laws and practices which are subject to change. Tax information has been summarised; individuals should seek personalised advice. 

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML. 

The Latest 2021 UK Budget - What Are The Implications For Expatriates?

While there was little in the way of immediate changes in the latest UK Budget, the freezing of some allowances is set to increase tax bills in the long run. 

This year’s UK Budget predictably focused on ongoing pandemic support, bringing very few changes to personal taxes. Chancellor Rishi Sunak did, however, introduce some longer-term measures to collect more tax by freezing the main allowances and exemptions for the next five years. 

According to the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the overall impact of these measures will be that the UK’s tax burden will rise to its highest level since the 1960s! 

So what changes in April may affect UK nationals living in France, and what can you do to minimise any negative impact?

Income tax

UK taxpayers (including non-UK residents) see a slight increase to the personal income tax allowance thresholds at each end: £12,570 at the basic 20% tax band and £50,270 at the higher 40% rate. However, these will be frozen until at least April 2026. 

This is estimated to bring 1.3 million more people into income tax liability, with one million more paying the higher tax rate, altogether netting an extra £8 billion in the 2025/6 tax year. 

Savings and investments

The band of UK savings income that can be earned tax-free stays at £5,000 and the annual ISA subscription limit at £20,000 (£9,000 for a Junior ISA). 

The dividend allowance remains at £2,000.

Remember: investments like ISAs may become taxable in France once you are non-UK resident. Take time to explore alternative arrangements that may be more tax efficient and better suit your circumstances, goals and risk appetite.

Capital gains tax (CGT)

As with income tax, the annual allowance will be frozen for the next five years. Unlike income tax, the CGT allowance does not increase, staying at its current level of £12,300 for individuals (£6,150 for most trusts). 

Despite expectations that CGT rates would be aligned with income tax rates, there is no change here, so rates remain between 10% and 28%.

Don’t forget that, in recent years, non-UK residents became liable for capital gains tax on most UK property and land.

Pensions

Annual allowance: This remains at £40,000 – as it has been since 2016 – and starts reducing once ‘adjusted income’ reaches £240,000.

Lifetime allowance (LTA) – This will not increase with inflation as planned so remains at £1,073,100, where it sticks until at least 2026. 

If your combined UK pension benefits are near the LTA threshold, you need to consider the potential impact of future growth. If investment markets recover in line with the Chancellor’s forecast that the economy will return to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2022, this could bring many more pension funds within the scope of the LTA’s 25% or 55% penalties. The Treasury expects to collect an extra £250 million as a result.

QROPS – There were no changes to Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Schemes, with transfers to EU/EEA-based QROPS still tax-free for EU residents. The 25% ‘overseas transfer charge’ continues to only apply to transfers outside the EU/EEA. But now the UK has left the bloc, this could potentially be extended to capture EU transfers in future. 

Once in a QROPS, UK pension funds become immune to LTA penalties and future changes to UK pension rules while unlocking other benefits, so carefully consider your options here. 

Inheritance tax

Despite much anticipation that this year could see inheritance tax changes, again the only action was freezing the exemptions, allowances and reliefs for the next five years.

The tax-free ‘nil rate band’ allowance stays at £325,000 per person (unchanged since 2009!) The residential nil rate band (RNRB) – which provides extra tax relief when passing on a main home (including overseas) to direct descendants – remains at £175,000 per person.

The Treasury collected £5.2 billion in inheritance taxes in the 2019/20 tax year. With these latest freezes, they expect to generate an additional £15 million next year, increasing to £445 million by 2026.

What can you do to minimise the impact?

Although this new tax year brings relatively few changes, there are longer term implications. The Chancellor’s strategy of freezing allowances, exemptions and reliefs is clearly designed to raise more tax revenue as people’s income, capital gains, and asset values grow. Taxpayers may also feel the pinch as the cost of living increases over time. 

Wherever possible, you should make full use of the available allowances each year to help minimise your tax bill. However, no one action in isolation will make a substantial difference. You need to make sure your overall financial arrangements are structured as tax efficiently as possible for your life in France to help minimise exposure for you and your heirs. 

As always, subsequent Budgets can change the current trajectory by introducing new taxes with little notice, but this is especially likely as the economy picks up and the government looks to recoup its pandemic spending.  

This is a good prompt to think ahead and review your tax planning to check you are making the most of all the available tax-efficient opportunities, in the UK and your country of residence. For the best results, take personalised advice from a cross-border specialist with understanding of both the UK and French tax regimes.

Rob Kay, Senior Partner, Blevins Franks

Tax rates, scope and reliefs may change. Any statements concerning taxation are based upon our understanding of current taxation laws and practices which are subject to change. Tax information has been summarised; individuals should seek personalised advice.

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML.

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here

EU Post Brexit - Why It’s Time To 'Think Local' For Your Financial Planning In France

Now that Brexit is here, EU-resident Britons with UK bank accounts, investments or a UK-based financial adviser may see accounts closed or face restrictions. In these times of widespread restrictions and lockdowns, our worlds have become a lot smaller. Whether this will have a long-term effect on your travel, lifestyle and shopping habits will be a personal matter. But with Brexit now in full flow, UK nationals living in France have good reason to permanently ‘think local’ when it comes to financial arrangements. 

Just as UK citizens lost automatic EU freedom of movement when Brexit took effect on 1 January, many UK financial businesses lost the right to provide banking and investment services within the EU. If you are resident in France but still use a UK bank account, other financial products or a UK-based financial adviser, make sure you check where you – and your money – stand.

UK financial services and Brexit 
Before Brexit, UK firms providing financial services to Britons living in the EU could legally do so through ‘passporting’ arrangements. This meant UK providers – enforced by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) – were committed to meet the same minimum standards and consumer protections for EU residents as other EU states. 

But now that the UK (and the FCA) are free to make their own rules, the EU has no assurance that UK firms will meet their requirements. Consequently, on 1 January, the EU withdrew passporting rights for UK firms ­– including banks, insurance companies, investment providers and financial advisers. Now, some could even be breaking the law by working with EU residents.  

Does this affect all UK financial firms?
This depends on various factors, including how a company is structured and where it is based. Those with headquarters in an EU country, for example, can retain their passporting licence and continue operating as before. 

However, wholly UK-based firms who want to support EU-resident clients will likely need to restructure and form agreements with the financial regulators for each EU/EEA country they operate in. This is a highly complex, expensive and time-consuming process, so not a cost-effective option for all.

Negotiations on financial services are ongoing, so it is possible that the UK and EU may still reach an arrangement in this area. Some companies may be holding out for this before going through the potentially unnecessary expense of restructuring. Others have already withdrawn from EU markets. 

Some major UK banks have informed EU-based clients that they cannot provide services for them post-Brexit and closed their accounts. Other providers have kept accounts/policies open but suspended activity, or are allowing them to run until the end of their term.  

How might this affect you? 
If you hold a British bank account, insurance policy, investment or other financial product and your provider hasn’t contacted you about limited services, ask them what arrangements they have in place for France. 

If your account has not been closed, has it been frozen? In some cases, while you may be able to retain existing accounts and make withdrawals as an EU resident, you may be restricted from adding or moving funds or renewing policies. You may also be unable to apply for new services, such as term deposits, bonds, foreign currency management, loans, credit cards and mortgages. 

If you still use a UK-based financial adviser, check they have the authority to continue supporting you as a French resident. Besides the legal implications – and whether you are protected if things go wrong – some financial institutions have stopped accepting instructions from UK-based (unregulated) providers. So if you hold EU-based investments, your planning options may be significantly limited with a UK adviser. 

Post-Brexit financial planning for France
Even if the financial services issue does not affect you, there are other key benefits to thinking more local for your finances. 

Still holding on to UK savings and investments? Now that UK assets are no longer EU/EEA assets, they could potentially attract a higher tax bill within the EU. ISAs are also taxable in France for non-UK residents. Own UK property? Remember: EU residents are still in the firing line for UK stamp duty and capital gains tax.

Meanwhile, French residents have access to opportunities that can offer better tax-efficiency and other potential benefits, so make sure you review your options.

What about UK pensions? This is not so straightforward. You may be better off leaving them in the UK and drawing income as needed in France. However, while Brexit does not affect the ability to receive UK pension income into an EU account, it will always be paid in sterling, so the value could be adversely affected by exchange rates and conversion costs. Explore whether it may be more beneficial for you to transfer funds out of the UK into a tax-efficient structure for France. Doing so could also unlock currency flexibility and estate planning benefits, but be sure to take specialist, regulated advice to do what’s right for you.

With Brexit bringing such a seismic shift in the landscape, it has never been more important to ensure your financial arrangements are compliant and suitable for your life in France. A specialist, locally-based adviser is best placed to help you take advantage of suitable opportunities here and secure financial peace of mind for you and your family.

Blevins Franks is fully authorised to provide advice in France.  Our financial advisers live and work locally and have in-depth knowledge of the local tax and succession regimes and common issues faced by UK expatriates. Contact us to discuss how we can help you with your investments, pensions and cross-border tax and estate planning.

By Rob Kay, Senior Partner, Blevins Franks

Blevins Franks accepts no liability for any loss resulting from any action or inaction or omission as a result of reading this article, which is general in nature and not specific to your circumstances.

Blevins Franks Group is represented in France by the following companies:  Blevins Franks Wealth Management Limited (BFWML) and Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF). BFWML is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority, registered number C 92917. Authorised to conduct investment services under the Investment Services Act and authorised to carry out insurance intermediary activities under the Insurance Distribution Act. Where advice is provided outside of Malta via the Insurance Distribution Directive or the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the applicable regulatory system differs in some respects from that of Malta. BFWML also provides taxation advice; its tax advisers are fully qualified tax specialists.  Blevins Franks France SASU (BFF), is registered with ORIAS, registered number 07 027 475, and authorised as ‘Conseil en Investissements Financiers’ and ‘Courtiers d’Assurance’ Category B (register can be consulted on www.orias.fr). Member of ANACOFI-CIF. BFF’s registered office: 1 rue Pablo Neruda, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon – RCS BX 498 800 465 APE 6622Z.  Garantie Financière et Assurance de Responsabilité Civile Professionnelle conformes aux articles L 541-3 du Code Monétaire et Financier and L512-6 and 512-7 du Code des Assurances (assureur MMA). Blevins Franks Trustees Limited is authorised and regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority for the administration of retirement schemes. This promotion has been approved and issued by BFWML.

You can find other financial advisory articles by visiting our website here